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1Katharine Abraham, an economics professor, was chatting with her hairdresser (理发师)about retirement plans. The economist
2said she plans to continue working because she wants to. The hairdresser agreed but fbr a different reason: She needs
3the money. Both scenarios (情况) are contributing to a big increase in the number of people in the US working into their
470s. Over the past 20 years, the share of Americans working in their 70s has risen from less than 10% to nearly 15%. In
5addition to people being healthier and living much longer, economists say that a combination of financial considerations
6such as years of slow rise in real wages and a shift away from traditional pensions in the private sector are some of
7the reasons people delay retirement. The decline of manufacturing and the increase in the number of people working in
8less labor-intensive occupations also has contributed to the trend, says Abraham, who researches work and retirement
9decisions of older Americans. "Which matters more depends on what your history up until that point has been in the type
10of work you're doing," Abraham says. The overall trend is hitting Americans of all different levels of educational
11attainment, although the percentages vary by category. The share of Americans with bachelor's degrees who were working
12into their 70s reached nearly 20% in 2018. For those with a high school degree or less, the proportion of those working
13in their 70s had risen to around 10%, while those with some college education were in the middle at around 15%. Martin
14Neil Baily, an economist who is leading a research project on retirement security, notes that quitting a career can lead
15to feelings of isolation and loneliness, particularly for men. He suggests that many college-educated workers are
16choosing to stay in the labor force more for social benefits than for financial reasons. They're also more likely to be
17in professional occupations where they tend to enjoy their work more. Workers in more physical jobs, meanwhile, may be
18more likely to look forward to retiring, Baily says, suggesting those who stay on are more likely doing so for financial
19reasons.
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