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1People who systematically underestimate themselves and their own performance suffer from the so-called Impostor
2Phenomenon. They think that any success is due to external circumstances or just luck and chance. Those people live in
3constant fear that their “deception” will be exposed.
4It is common for people to question their abilities now and again. A healthy amount of reflection and self-doubt can
5protect a person from acting impulsively. However, there are people who are permanently plagued by a massive amount of
6self-doubt despite delivering a good performance. They think that all of their successes are not a product of their
7skill or hard work, instead they attribute their own successes to external circumstances, for example, to luck and
8chance, or believe that their performance is massively overestimated by others. Failures, on the other hand, are always
9internalised as the result of their own shortcomings.
10Psychologists from Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg examined the topic for the first time under real-life
11conditions. Seventy-six participants completed a range of intelligence tests and received positive feedback on them,
12regardless of their actual performance. They were then asked why they think they did so well.
13The study showed two things: First, the self-reported degree of Impostor Phenomenon is not related to actual measured
14intelligence or performance. Secondly, the test supported the assumption that people with a tendency to exhibit the
15Impostor Phenomenon devalue their objectively measured performance and attribute positive results to external causes
16such as luck and chance, but not to their own abilities. These results are also completely unrelated to age and gender.
17A permanent underestimation of one’s own abilities is often accompanied by the fear that this supposed intellectual
18deception will be exposed sooner or later and that they will pay the price for this. The Impostor Phenomenon was first
19described in 1978 by US psychologists Pauline Clance and Suzanne Imes. They observed that there is a particularly high
20number of successful women who do not think they are very intelligent. The Impostor Phenomenon is not defined as a
21mental illness. However, people who suffer from it show a higher vulnerability to depression.
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