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1For decades, biobanking has been held up as an essential research tool. While few doubt the scientific value
2of having catalogues of well-characterized tissues, cells, and other samples, these research platforms have also
3generated a significant amount of legal and moral controversy, especially in the context of consent and the control
4Throughout the world, billions of public and private dollars have been invested in biobanks and millions of
5individuals have been asked to donate biological material and personal information. But, at the same time, there
6remains deep uncertainty about fundamental legal and moral norms.
7Legal scholars have argued that the most commonly used form of consent—that is, broad or open
8consent—does not adhere to relevant legal norms, which would seem to require a more comprehensive and
9specific approach to the consent process. Because the details of future work cannot be known, this approach
10means providing research participants with far less information than is traditionally disclosed(披露)in the case of
11It is true that many studies have consistently found that, for the most part, the public supports biobanking
12initiatives and trusts the research community. But that support and trust are fragile. There are many social forces,
13such as the increasing involvement of industry in biobanking initiatives, which could erode public confidence. In
14addition, there are a number of social trends that may heighten public interest in the control of human biological
15material. Research ethics controversies can have a profound erect on public perceptions and consent policy.
16An emerging interest in biorights, though not widespread, could also challenge the existing approaches of
17biobanking. Indeed, areas such as genetics(遗传学)and stem cell research receive a great deal of positive coverage
18in the popular press, including reference to the economic potential of the work.
19Within the scientific community it has become widely accepted that biobanks are an indispensable research
20tool, essential for picking out complex gene-environment interactions. There is little doubt that biobanking is here
21to stay. But we need to recognize that despite decades of academic debate, fundamental legal and moral challenges
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