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1Sugar shocked. That describes the reaction of many Americans this week following revelations that, 50 years ago, the
2sugar industry paid Harvard scientists for research that shifted the focus away from sugar's role in heart disease—and
3put the spotlight (注意的中心) squarely on dietary fat.
4What might surprise consumers is just how many present-day nutrition studies are still funded by the food industry.
5Nutrition scholar Marion Nestle of New York University spent a year informally tracking industry-funded studies on food.
6“Roughly 90% of nearly 170 studies favored the sponsor's interest,” Nestle tells us. Other systematic reviews support
7her conclusions.
8For instance, studies funded by Welch Foods—the brand behind Welch's 100% Grape Juice—found that drinking Concord grape
9juice daily may boost brain function. Another, funded by Quaker Oats, concluded, as a Daily Mail story put it, that “hot
10oatmeal (燕麦粥) breakfast keeps you full for longer.”
11Last year, The New York Times revealed how Coca-Cola was funding well-known scientists and organizations promoting a
12message that, in the battle against weight gain, people should pay more attention to exercise and less to what they eat
13and drink. Coca-Cola also released data detailing its funding of several medical institutions and associations between
142010 and 2015.
15“It's certainly a problem that so much research in nutrition and health is funded by industry,” says Bonnie Liebman,
16director of nutrition at the Center for Science in the Public Interest. “When the food industry pays for research, it
17often gets what it pays for.” And what it pays for is often a pro-industry finding.
18Given this environment, consumers should be skeptical (怀疑的) when reading the latest finding in nutrition science and
19ignore the latest study that pops up on your news feed. “Rely on health experts who've reviewed all the evidence,”
20Liebman says, pointing to the official government Dietary Guidelines, which are based on reviews of hundreds of studies.
21“And that expert advice remains pretty simple,” says Nestle. “We know what healthy diets are—lots of vegetables,not too
22much junk food, balanced calories. Everything else is really difficult to do experimentally.”
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