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1More fathers are taking paternity leave, but mothers are still doing all the work A) Attitudes towards paternity leave
2(陪产假) have drastically changed in America in the last five years as more fathers feel comfortable taking extended time
3off, but gender bias persists when it comes to career prospects and the home, according to a new study of working
4parents. B) Research by the Boston College Center for Work & Family, which surveyed new parents at four large US
5companies who were qualified for taking at least six weeks paid parental leave, found that 81% of the 1,240employees
6surveyed said the notion of fathers taking leave has become more acceptable. C) Of those surveyed, 62% of fathers took
7the maximum amount of time off compared to 93% of mothers, and around three-quarters of workers said their employer was
8equally supportive of mothers and fathers taking parental leave and over half said leave policies had made workplace
9culture better. D) The US is one of only three countries in the world not to offer statutory (法定的) paid leave, but
10increasingly states and companies are starting to take up the issue. So far, eight states and the District of Columbia
11have their own paid family leave laws. E) Brad Harrington, executive director of the center and lead author of the
12study, estimates only 20% to 30%of companies in the US offer paid parental leave. He feels the research findings reflect
13an obvious change in corporate attitudes to new fathers taking time off. F) "We did a study on paternity leave five
14years ago. Compared with those findings, these numbers were shocking to me. I did not expect 80% of people to say the
15organisation finds dads taking this leave acceptable and three-quarters to say it's equally supportive of women and men
16taking leave," Harrington said. G) The previous study found that nearly three-quarters of fathers saw two to four weeks
17as an appropriate duration for paternity leave and 76% said they would prefer not to take all their time off at once. H)
18Since then, there have been a number of legal cases against companies involving paternity leave—including cases against
19JPMorgan Chase and Estée Lauder—which have helped put pressure on companies to make their parental leave policies gender
20neutral. I) However, the study also shows how traditional gender roles endure both at work, where more women than men
21reported changes in their perceived career potential, and at home—even among workers who claim to have a strong desire
22for equality. J) The vast majority of men, 97%, said one of the top reasons to take leave was to share caregiving with
23their partner. But when they were asked about how caregiving and household tasks were divided, their answers painted a
24different picture. While about 75% of employees said both genders should give the same amount of care, the majority of
25men and nearly half of women admitted that in reality the female actually did most of it. A tiny fraction, 2%, of men
26said they did more of the childcare. K) Men and women's experiences of the return to work following parental leave were
27also considerably different. Of the women surveyed, 32% reported a downturn in their job satisfaction, while 14% said it
28increased. In comparison, 17% of men said their job satisfaction went down and 20% said it went up. Meanwhile, more
29women reported an increase in their responsibilities and manager expectations after childbirth. Half of the women said
30they used flexible work arrangements after becoming a parent, while just 27% of men did. Similar percentages of men and
31women said they enjoyed their careers and that it gave them a sense of achievement, while around half of women and 44%
32of men said it was a key part of their identity. L) On the subject of career advancement, 59% of women and 49% of men
33said leave could be limiting and both genders said they feared it would have an impact on their progress long-term. But
34on opportunity for promotion, more than double the number of women, 30% compared with 15% of men, believed their chances
35to be lower after becoming a parent. Despite progress, the struggle for women to reach the highest positions of power is
36demonstrated in this year's Fortune 500 list, which featured a record 33 female CEOs, but this still represents a tiny
37fraction of the total. M) Harrington said culture change depends on companies putting more focus on men and their
38responsibilities. "By that I mean companies need to give men paternity leave and encourage men to take time off to be
39with their kids early on in the kids' life. They also need to recognise that men have to make significant adjustments
40when they become parents. Companies cannot do all these things to enhance women's advancement and then turn around and
41say, ‘Oh, but we don't expect the men to take over for the women at home." N) In May, the American Civil Liberties Union
42(ACLU) and Outten & Golden LLP announced a historic class-action $5m settlement with JPMorgan Chase on behalf of male
43employees who claim they were illegally denied access to paid parental leave. Derek Rotondo, 35, filed the
44discrimination charge against his company after he was allegedly told by his HR department that mothers were considered
45primary caregivers. Thus, they were allowed to take 16 weeks of paid parental leave. Fathers, however, could take just
46two weeks. O) The father of two from Columbus, Ohio, who still works at the company as an associate and investigator,
47said he has witnessed a “domino effect (多米诺效应)” across companies since the settlement, but that there is still
48substantial progress to be made towards changing attitudes towards paternity leave. P) "I do think there's still some
49way to go...there's still going to be sort of the unstated expectation for new dads to essentially come right back to
50work, but I think the research is showing that's starting to change." He said equal parental leave is an essential
51component to creating gender equality in the workplace. "The old standard of women staying home, having babies and
52cooking doesn't apply and hasn't applied for a long time."
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