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1Some people have said aging is more a slide into forgetfulness than a journey towards wisdom. However, a growing body of
2research suggests that late-in-life learning is possible. In reality, education does an aging brain good. Throughout
3life, people's brains constantly renovate themselves. In the late 1960s, British brain scientist Geoffrey Raisman spied
4growth in damaged brain regions of rats through an electron microscope; their brains were forging new connections. This
5meant brains may change every time a person learns something new. Of course, that doesn't mean the brain isn't affected
6by the effects of time. Just as height usually declines over the years, so does brain volume: Humans lose about 4
7percent every decade starting in their 40s. But that reduction doesn't necessarily make people think slower; as long as
8we are alive and functioning, we can alter our brains with new information and experiences. In fact, scientists now
9suspect accumulating novel experiences, facts, and skills can keep people's minds more flexible. New pathways can
10strengthen our ever-changing mental structure, even as the brain shrinks. Conventional fixes like word puzzles and
11brain-training apps can contribute to mental durability. Even something as simple as taking a different route to the
12grocery store or going somewhere new on vacation can keep the brain healthy. A desire for new life challenges can
13further boost brainpower. Research about aging adults who take on new enterprises shows improved function and memory as
14well as a reduced risk of mental disease. Openness-a characteristic defined by curiosity and a desire for knowledge-may
15also help folks pass brain tests. Some folks are born with this take-in-the-world attitude, but those who aren't as
16genetically gifted aren't necessarily out of luck. While genes can encourage an interest in doing new things, a 2012
17study in the journal Psychology and Aging found completing reasoning tasks like puzzles and number games can enhance
18that desire for novel experiences, which can, in turn, refresh the brain. That's why brain scientist Richard Kennedy
19says "It's not that old dogs can't learn new tricks. It's that maybe old dogs don't realize why they should. "
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