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1The Florentines, having occupied San Miniato, held a council of war to decide whether they should attack Pisa or the
2army of Castruccio, and, having weighed the difficulties of both courses, they decided upon the latter. The river Arno
3was at that time low enough to be fordable, yet the water reached to the shoulders of the infantrymen and to the saddles
4of the horsemen. On the morning of 10 June 1328, the Florentines commenced the battle by ordering forward a number of
5cavalry and ten thousand infantry. Castruccio, whose plan of action was fixed, and who well knew what to do, at once
6attacked the Florentines with five thousand infantry and three thousand horsemen, not allowing them to issue from the
7river before he charged them; he also sent one thousand light infantry up the river bank, and the same number down the
8Arno. The infantry of the Florentines were so much impeded by their arms and the water that they were not able to mount
9the banks of the river, whilst the cavalry had made the passage of the river more difficult for the others, by reason of
10the few who had crossed having broken up the bed of the river, and this being deep with mud, many of the horses rolled
11over with their riders and many of them had stuck so fast that they could not move. When the Florentine captains saw the
12difficulties their men were meeting, they withdrew them and moved higher up the river, hoping to find the river bed less
13treacherous and the banks more adapted for landing. These men were met at the bank by the forces which Castruccio had
14already sent forward, who, being light armed with bucklers and javelins in their hands, let fly with tremendous shouts
15into the faces and bodies of the cavalry. The horses, alarmed by the noise and the wounds, would not move forward, and
16trampled each other in great confusion. The fight between the men of Castruccio and those of the enemy who succeeded in
17crossing was sharp and terrible; both sides fought with the utmost desperation and neither would yield. The soldiers of
18Castruccio fought to drive the others back into the river, whilst the Florentines strove to get a footing on land in
19order to make room for the others pressing forward, who if they could but get out of the water would be able to fight,
20and in this obstinate conflict they were urged on by their captains. Castruccio shouted to his men that these were the
21same enemies whom they had before conquered at Serravalle, whilst the Florentines reproached each other that the many
22should be overcome by the few. At length Castruccio, seeing how long the battle had lasted, and that both his men and
23the enemy were utterly exhausted, and that both sides had many killed and wounded, pushed forward another body of
24infantry to take up a position at the rear of those who were fighting; he then commanded these latter to open their
25ranks as if they intended to retreat, and one part of them to turn to the right and another to the left. This cleared a
26space of which the Florentines at once took advantage, and thus gained possession of a portion of the battlefield. But
27when these tired soldiers found themselves at close quarters with Castruccio's reserves they could not stand against
28them and at once fell back into the river. The cavalry of either side had not as yet gained any decisive advantage over
29the other, because Castruccio, knowing his inferiority in this arm, had commanded his leaders only to stand on the
30defensive against the attacks of their adversaries, as he hoped that when he had overcome the infantry he would be able
31to make short work of the cavalry. This fell out as he had hoped, for when he saw the Florentine army driven back across
32the river he ordered the remainder of his infantry to attack the cavalry of the enemy. This they did with lance and
33javelin, and, joined by their own cavalry, fell upon the enemy with the greatest fury and soon put him to flight. The
34Florentine captains, having seen the difficulty their cavalry had met with in crossing the river, had attempted to make
35their infantry cross lower down the river, in order to attack the flanks of Castruccio's army. But here, also, the banks
36were steep and already lined by the men of Castruccio, and this movement was quite useless. Thus the Florentines were so
37completely defeated at all points that scarcely a third of them escaped, and Castruccio was again covered with glory.
38Many captains were taken prisoners, and Carlo, the son of King Ruberto, with Michelagnolo Falconi and Taddeo degli
39Albizzi, the Florentine commissioners, fled to Empoli. If the spoils were great, the slaughter was infinitely greater,
40as might be expected in such a battle. Of the Florentines there fell twenty thousand two hundred and thirty-one men,
41whilst Castruccio lost one thousand five hundred and seventy men. But Fortune growing envious of the glory of Castruccio
42took away his life just at the time when she should have preserved it, and thus ruined all those plans which for so long
43a time he had worked to carry into effect, and in the successful prosecution of which nothing but death could have
44stopped him. Castruccio was in the thick of the battle the whole of the day; and when the end of it came, although
45fatigued and overheated, he stood at the gate of Fucecchio to welcome his men on their return from victory and
46personally thank them. He was also on the watch for any attempt of the enemy to retrieve the fortunes of the day; he
47being of the opinion that it was the duty of a good general to be the first man in the saddle and the last out of it.
48Here Castruccio stood exposed to a wind which often rises at midday on the banks of the Arno, and which is often very
49unhealthy; from this he took a chill, of which he thought nothing, as he was accustomed to such troubles; but it was the
50cause of his death. On the following night he was attacked with high fever, which increased so rapidly that the doctors
51saw it must prove fatal. Castruccio, therefore, called Pagolo Guinigi to him, and addressed him as follows:
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