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1I had called upon my friend Sherlock Holmes upon the second morning after Christmas, with the intention of wishing him
2the compliments of the season. He was lounging upon the sofa in a purple dressing-gown, a pipe-rack within his reach
3upon the right, and a pile of crumpled morning papers, evidently newly studied, near at hand. Beside the couch was a
4wooden chair, and on the angle of the back hung a very seedy and disreputable hard-felt hat, much the worse for wear,
5and cracked in several places. A lens and a forceps lying upon the seat of the chair suggested that the hat had been
6suspended in this manner for the purpose of examination. "You are engaged," said I; "perhaps I interrupt you." "Not at
7all. I am glad to have a friend with whom I can discuss my results. The matter is a perfectly trivial one"--he jerked
8his thumb in the direction of the old hat--"but there are points in connection with it which are not entirely devoid of
9interest and even of instruction." I seated myself in his armchair and warmed my hands before his crackling fire, for a
10sharp frost had set in, and the windows were thick with the ice crystals. "I suppose," I remarked, "that, homely as it
11looks, this thing has some deadly story linked on to it--that it is the clue which will guide you in the solution of
12some mystery and the punishment of some crime." "No, no. No crime," said Sherlock Holmes, laughing. "Only one of those
13whimsical little incidents which will happen when you have four million human beings all jostling each other within the
14space of a few square miles. Amid the action and reaction of so dense a swarm of humanity, every possible combination of
15events may be expected to take place, and many a little problem will be presented which may be striking and bizarre
16without being criminal. We have already had experience of such." "So much so," I remarked, "that of the last six cases
17which I have added to my notes, three have been entirely free of any legal crime." "Precisely. You allude to my attempt
18to recover the Irene Adler papers, to the singular case of Miss Mary Sutherland, and to the adventure of the man with
19the twisted lip. Well, I have no doubt that this small matter will fall into the same innocent category. You know
20Peterson, the commissionaire?" "Yes." "It is to him that this trophy belongs." "It is his hat." "No, no, he found it.
21Its owner is unknown. I beg that you will look upon it not as a battered billycock but as an intellectual problem. And,
22first, as to how it came here. It arrived upon Christmas morning, in company with a good fat goose, which is, I have no
23doubt, roasting at this moment in front of Peterson's fire. The facts are these: about four o'clock on Christmas
24morning, Peterson, who, as you know, is a very honest fellow, was returning from some small jollification and was making
25his way homeward down Tottenham Court Road. In front of him he saw, in the gaslight, a tallish man, walking with a
26slight stagger, and carrying a white goose slung over his shoulder. As he reached the corner of Goodge Street, a row
27broke out between this stranger and a little knot of roughs. One of the latter knocked off the man's hat, on which he
28raised his stick to defend himself and, swinging it over his head, smashed the shop window behind him. Peterson had
29rushed forward to protect the stranger from his assailants; but the man, shocked at having broken the window, and seeing
30an official-looking person in uniform rushing towards him, dropped his goose, took to his heels, and vanished amid the
31labyrinth of small streets which lie at the back of Tottenham Court Road. The roughs had also fled at the appearance of
32Peterson, so that he was left in possession of the field of battle, and also of the spoils of victory in the shape of
33this battered hat and a most unimpeachable Christmas goose." "Which surely he restored to their owner?" "My dear fellow,
34there lies the problem. It is true that 'For Mrs. Henry Baker' was printed upon a small card which was tied to the
35bird's left leg, and it is also true that the initials 'H. B.' are legible upon the lining of this hat, but as there are
36some thousands of Bakers, and some hundreds of Henry Bakers in this city of ours, it is not easy to restore lost
37property to any one of them." "What, then, did Peterson do?" "He brought round both hat and goose to me on Christmas
38morning, knowing that even the smallest problems are of interest to me. The goose we retained until this morning, when
39there were signs that, in spite of the slight frost, it would be well that it should be eaten without unnecessary delay.
40Its finder has carried it off, therefore, to fulfil the ultimate destiny of a goose, while I continue to retain the hat
41of the unknown gentleman who lost his Christmas dinner." "Did he not advertise?" "No." "Then, what clue could you have
42as to his identity?" "Only as much as we can deduce." "From his hat?" "Precisely." "But you are joking. What can you
43gather from this old battered felt?" "Here is my lens. You know my methods. What can you gather yourself as to the
44individuality of the man who has worn this article?" I took the tattered object in my hands and turned it over rather
45ruefully. It was a very ordinary black hat of the usual round shape, hard and much the worse for wear. The lining had
46been of red silk, but was a good deal discoloured. There was no maker's name; but, as Holmes had remarked, the initials
47"H. B." were scrawled upon one side. It was pierced in the brim for a hat-securer, but the elastic was missing. For the
48rest, it was cracked, exceedingly dusty, and spotted in several places, although there seemed to have been some attempt
49to hide the discoloured patches by smearing them with ink. "I can see nothing," said I, handing it back to my friend.
50"On the contrary, Watson, you can see everything. You fail, however, to reason from what you see. You are too timid in
51drawing your inferences." "Then, pray tell me what it is that you can infer from this hat?" He picked it up and gazed at
52it in the peculiar introspective fashion which was characteristic of him. "It is perhaps less suggestive than it might
53have been," he remarked, "and yet there are a few inferences which are very distinct, and a few others which represent
54at least a strong balance of probability. That the man was highly intellectual is of course obvious upon the face of it,
55and also that he was fairly well-to-do within the last three years, although he has now fallen upon evil days. He had
56foresight, but has less now than formerly, pointing to a moral retrogression, which, when taken with the decline of his
57fortunes, seems to indicate some evil influence, probably drink, at work upon him. This may account also for the obvious
58fact that his wife has ceased to love him." "My dear Holmes!" "He has, however, retained some degree of self-respect,"
59he continued, disregarding my remonstrance. "He is a man who leads a sedentary life, goes out little, is out of training
60entirely, is middle-aged, has grizzled hair which he has had cut within the last few days, and which he anoints with
61lime-cream. These are the more patent facts which are to be deduced from his hat. Also, by the way, that it is extremely
62improbable that he has gas laid on in his house." "You are certainly joking, Holmes." "Not in the least. Is it possible
63that even now, when I give you these results, you are unable to see how they are attained?" "I have no doubt that I am
64very stupid, but I must confess that I am unable to follow you. For example, how did you deduce that this man was
65intellectual?" For answer Holmes clapped the hat upon his head. It came right over the forehead and settled upon the
66bridge of his nose. "It is a question of cubic capacity," said he; "a man with so large a brain must have something in
67it." "The decline of his fortunes, then?" "This hat is three years old. These flat brims curled at the edge came in
68then. It is a hat of the very best quality. Look at the band of ribbed silk and the excellent lining. If this man could
69afford to buy so expensive a hat three years ago, and has had no hat since, then he has assuredly gone down in the
70world."
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