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1CONCERNING THE SECRETARIES OF PRINCES The choice of servants is of no little importance to a prince, and they are good
2or not according to the discrimination of the prince. And the first opinion which one forms of a prince, and of his
3understanding, is by observing the men he has around him; and when they are capable and faithful he may always be
4considered wise, because he has known how to recognize the capable and to keep them faithful. But when they are
5otherwise one cannot form a good opinion of him, for the prime error which he made was in choosing them. There were none
6who knew Messer Antonio da Venafro as the servant of Pandolfo Petrucci, Prince of Siena, who would not consider Pandolfo
7to be a very clever man in having Venafro for his servant. Because there are three classes of intellects: one which
8comprehends by itself; another which appreciates what others comprehended; and a third which neither comprehends by
9itself nor by the showing of others; the first is the most excellent, the second is good, the third is useless.
10Therefore, it follows necessarily that, if Pandolfo was not in the first rank, he was in the second, for whenever one
11has judgment to know good and bad when it is said and done, although he himself may not have the initiative, yet he can
12recognize the good and the bad in his servant, and the one he can praise and the other correct; thus the servant cannot
13hope to deceive him, and is kept honest. But to enable a prince to form an opinion of his servant there is one test
14which never fails; when you see the servant thinking more of his own interests than of yours, and seeking inwardly his
15own profit in everything, such a man will never make a good servant, nor will you ever be able to trust him; because he
16who has the state of another in his hands ought never to think of himself, but always of his prince, and never pay any
17attention to matters in which the prince is not concerned. On the other hand, to keep his servant honest the prince
18ought to study him, honouring him, enriching him, doing him kindnesses, sharing with him the honours and cares; and at
19the same time let him see that he cannot stand alone, so that many honours may not make him desire more, many riches
20make him wish for more, and that many cares may make him dread chances. When, therefore, servants, and princes towards
21servants, are thus disposed, they can trust each other, but when it is otherwise, the end will always be disastrous for
22either one or the other.
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