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1But Castruccio from being a prisoner became almost a prince in Lucca, and he carried himself so discreetly with his
2friends and the people that they appointed him captain of their army for one year. Having obtained this, and wishing to
3gain renown in war, he planned the recovery of the many towns which had rebelled after the departure of Uguccione, and
4with the help of the Pisans, with whom he had concluded a treaty, he marched to Serezzana. To capture this place he
5constructed a fort against it, which is called to-day Zerezzanello; in the course of two months Castruccio captured the
6town. With the reputation gained at that siege, he rapidly seized Massa, Carrara, and Lavenza, and in a short time had
7overrun the whole of Lunigiana. In order to close the pass which leads from Lombardy to Lunigiana, he besieged
8Pontremoli and wrested it from the hands of Messer Anastagio Palavicini, who was the lord of it. After this victory he
9returned to Lucca, and was welcomed by the whole people. And now Castruccio, deeming it imprudent any longer to defer
10making himself a prince, got himself created the lord of Lucca by the help of Pazzino del Poggio, Puccinello dal
11Portico, Francesco Boccansacchi, and Cecco Guinigi, all of whom he had corrupted; and he was afterwards solemnly and
12deliberately elected prince by the people. At this time Frederick of Bavaria, the King of the Romans, came into Italy to
13assume the Imperial crown, and Castruccio, in order that he might make friends with him, met him at the head of five
14hundred horsemen. Castruccio had left as his deputy in Lucca, Pagolo Guinigi, who was held in high estimation, because
15of the people's love for the memory of his father. Castruccio was received in great honour by Frederick, and many
16privileges were conferred upon him, and he was appointed the emperor's lieutenant in Tuscany. At this time the Pisans
17were in great fear of Gaddo della Gherardesca, whom they had driven out of Pisa, and they had recourse for assistance to
18Frederick. Frederick created Castruccio the lord of Pisa, and the Pisans, in dread of the Guelph party, and particularly
19of the Florentines, were constrained to accept him as their lord. Frederick, having appointed a governor in Rome to
20watch his Italian affairs, returned to Germany. All the Tuscan and Lombardian Ghibellines, who followed the imperial
21lead, had recourse to Castruccio for help and counsel, and all promised him the governorship of his country, if enabled
22to recover it with his assistance. Among these exiles were Matteo Guidi, Nardo Scolari, Lapo Uberti, Gerozzo Nardi, and
23Piero Buonaccorsi, all exiled Florentines and Ghibellines. Castruccio had the secret intention of becoming the master of
24all Tuscany by the aid of these men and of his own forces; and in order to gain greater weight in affairs, he entered
25into a league with Messer Matteo Visconti, the Prince of Milan, and organized for him the forces of his city and the
26country districts. As Lucca had five gates, he divided his own country districts into five parts, which he supplied with
27arms, and enrolled the men under captains and ensigns, so that he could quickly bring into the field twenty thousand
28soldiers, without those whom he could summon to his assistance from Pisa. While he surrounded himself with these forces
29and allies, it happened at Messer Matteo Visconti was attacked by the Guelphs of Piacenza, who had driven out the
30Ghibellines with the assistance of a Florentine army and the King Ruberto. Messer Matteo called upon Castruccio to
31invade the Florentines in their own territories, so that, being attacked at home, they should be compelled to draw their
32army out of Lombardy in order to defend themselves. Castruccio invaded the Valdarno, and seized Fucecchio and San
33Miniato, inflicting immense damage upon the country. Whereupon the Florentines recalled their army, which had scarcely
34reached Tuscany, when Castruccio was forced by other necessities to return to Lucca. There resided in the city of Lucca
35the Poggio family, who were so powerful that they could not only elevate Castruccio, but even advance him to the dignity
36of prince; and it appearing to them they had not received such rewards for their services as they deserved, they incited
37other families to rebel and to drive Castruccio out of Lucca. They found their opportunity one morning, and arming
38themselves, they set upon the lieutenant whom Castruccio had left to maintain order and killed him. They endeavoured to
39raise the people in revolt, but Stefano di Poggio, a peaceable old man who had taken no hand in the rebellion,
40intervened and compelled them by his authority to lay down their arms; and he offered to be their mediator with
41Castruccio to obtain from him what they desired. Therefore they laid down their arms with no greater intelligence than
42they had taken them up. Castruccio, having heard the news of what had happened at Lucca, at once put Pagolo Guinigi in
43command of the army, and with a troop of cavalry set out for home. Contrary to his expectations, he found the rebellion
44at an end, yet he posted his men in the most advantageous places throughout the city. As it appeared to Stefano that
45Castruccio ought to be very much obliged to him, he sought him out, and without saying anything on his own behalf, for
46he did not recognize any need for doing so, he begged Castruccio to pardon the other members of his family by reason of
47their youth, their former friendships, and the obligations which Castruccio was under to their house. To this Castruccio
48graciously responded, and begged Stefano to reassure himself, declaring that it gave him more pleasure to find the
49tumult at an end than it had ever caused him anxiety to hear of its inception. He encouraged Stefano to bring his family
50to him, saying that he thanked God for having given him the opportunity of showing his clemency and liberality. Upon the
51word of Stefano and Castruccio they surrendered, and with Stefano were immediately thrown into prison and put to death.
52Meanwhile the Florentines had recovered San Miniato, whereupon it seemed advisable to Castruccio to make peace, as it
53did not appear to him that he was sufficiently secure at Lucca to leave him. He approached the Florentines with the
54proposal of a truce, which they readily entertained, for they were weary of the war, and desirous of getting rid of the
55expenses of it. A treaty was concluded with them for two years, by which both parties agreed to keep the conquests they
56had made. Castruccio thus released from this trouble, turned his attention to affairs in Lucca, and in order that he
57should not again be subject to the perils from which he had just escaped, he, under various pretences and reasons, first
58wiped out all those who by their ambition might aspire to the principality; not sparing one of them, but depriving them
59of country and property, and those whom he had in his hands of life also, stating that he had found by experience that
60none of them were to be trusted. Then for his further security he raised a fortress in Lucca with the stones of the
61towers of those whom he had killed or hunted out of the state.
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