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1Castruccio, having prepared everything, had now to encourage the Florentines to persist in their desire to carry the
2seat of war away from Pistoia into the Val di Nievole, therefore he did not move his army from Montecarlo. Thus the
3Florentines hurried on until they reached their encampment under Serravalle, intending to cross the hill on the
4following morning. In the meantime, Castruccio had seized the castle at night, had also moved his army from Montecarlo,
5and marching from thence at midnight in dead silence, had reached the foot of Serravalle: thus he and the Florentines
6commenced the ascent of the hill at the same time in the morning. Castruccio sent forward his infantry by the main road,
7and a troop of four hundred horsemen by a path on the left towards the castle. The Florentines sent forward four hundred
8cavalry ahead of their army which was following, never expecting to find Castruccio in possession of the hill, nor were
9they aware of his having seized the castle. Thus it happened that the Florentine horsemen mounting the hill were
10completely taken by surprise when they discovered the infantry of Castruccio, and so close were they upon it they had
11scarcely time to pull down their visors. It was a case of unready soldiers being attacked by ready, and they were
12assailed with such vigour that with difficulty they could hold their own, although some few of them got through. When
13the noise of the fighting reached the Florentine camp below, it was filled with confusion. The cavalry and infantry
14became inextricably mixed: the captains were unable to get their men either backward or forward, owing to the narrowness
15of the pass, and amid all this tumult no one knew what ought to be done or what could be done. In a short time the
16cavalry who were engaged with the enemy's infantry were scattered or killed without having made any effective defence
17because of their unfortunate position, although in sheer desperation they had offered a stout resistance. Retreat had
18been impossible, with the mountains on both flanks, whilst in front were their enemies, and in the rear their friends.
19When Castruccio saw that his men were unable to strike a decisive blow at the enemy and put them to flight, he sent one
20thousand infantrymen round by the castle, with orders to join the four hundred horsemen he had previously dispatched
21there, and commanded the whole force to fall upon the flank of the enemy. These orders they carried out with such fury
22that the Florentines could not sustain the attack, but gave way, and were soon in full retreat--conquered more by their
23unfortunate position than by the valour of their enemy. Those in the rear turned towards Pistoia, and spread through the
24plains, each man seeking only his own safety. The defeat was complete and very sanguinary. Many captains were taken
25prisoners, among whom were Bandini dei Rossi, Francesco Brunelleschi, and Giovanni della Tosa, all Florentine noblemen,
26with many Tuscans and Neapolitans who fought on the Florentine side, having been sent by King Ruberto to assist the
27Guelphs. Immediately the Pistoians heard of this defeat they drove out the friends of the Guelphs, and surrendered to
28Castruccio. He was not content with occupying Prato and all the castles on the plains on both sides of the Arno, but
29marched his army into the plain of Peretola, about two miles from Florence. Here he remained many days, dividing the
30spoils, and celebrating his victory with feasts and games, holding horse races, and foot races for men and women. He
31also struck medals in commemoration of the defeat of the Florentines. He endeavoured to corrupt some of the citizens of
32Florence, who were to open the city gates at night; but the conspiracy was discovered, and the participators in it taken
33and beheaded, among whom were Tommaso Lupacci and Lambertuccio Frescobaldi. This defeat caused the Florentines great
34anxiety, and despairing of preserving their liberty, they sent envoys to King Ruberto of Naples, offering him the
35dominion of their city; and he, knowing of what immense importance the maintenance of the Guelph cause was to him,
36accepted it. He agreed with the Florentines to receive from them a yearly tribute of two hundred thousand florins, and
37he sent his son Carlo to Florence with four thousand horsemen. Shortly after this the Florentines were relieved in some
38degree of the pressure of Castruccio's army, owing to his being compelled to leave his positions before Florence and
39march on Pisa, in order to suppress a conspiracy that had been raised against him by Benedetto Lanfranchi, one of the
40first men in Pisa, who could not endure that his fatherland should be under the dominion of the Lucchese. He had formed
41this conspiracy, intending to seize the citadel, kill the partisans of Castruccio, and drive out the garrison. As,
42however, in a conspiracy paucity of numbers is essential to secrecy, so for its execution a few are not sufficient, and
43in seeking more adherents to his conspiracy Lanfranchi encountered a person who revealed the design to Castruccio. This
44betrayal cannot be passed by without severe reproach to Bonifacio Cerchi and Giovanni Guidi, two Florentine exiles who
45were suffering their banishment in Pisa. Thereupon Castruccio seized Benedetto and put him to death, and beheaded many
46other noble citizens, and drove their families into exile. It now appeared to Castruccio that both Pisa and Pistoia were
47thoroughly disaffected; he employed much thought and energy upon securing his position there, and this gave the
48Florentines their opportunity to reorganize their army, and to await the coming of Carlo, the son of the King of Naples.
49When Carlo arrived they decided to lose no more time, and assembled a great army of more than thirty thousand infantry
50and ten thousand cavalry--having called to their aid every Guelph there was in Italy. They consulted whether they should
51attack Pistoia or Pisa first, and decided that it would be better to march on the latter--a course, owing to the recent
52conspiracy, more likely to succeed, and of more advantage to them, because they believed that the surrender of Pistoia
53would follow the acquisition of Pisa. In the early part of May 1328, the Florentines put in motion this army and quickly
54occupied Lastra, Signa, Montelupo, and Empoli, passing from thence on to San Miniato. When Castruccio heard of the
55enormous army which the Florentines were sending against him, he was in no degree alarmed, believing that the time had
56now arrived when Fortune would deliver the empire of Tuscany into his hands, for he had no reason to think that his
57enemy would make a better fight, or had better prospects of success, than at Pisa or Serravalle. He assembled twenty
58thousand foot soldiers and four thousand horsemen, and with this army went to Fucecchio, whilst he sent Pagolo Guinigi
59to Pisa with five thousand infantry. Fucecchio has a stronger position than any other town in the Pisan district, owing
60to its situation between the rivers Arno and Gusciana and its slight elevation above the surrounding plain. Moreover,
61the enemy could not hinder its being victualled unless they divided their forces, nor could they approach it either from
62the direction of Lucca or Pisa, nor could they get through to Pisa, or attack Castruccio's forces except at a
63disadvantage. In one case they would find themselves placed between his two armies, the one under his own command and
64the other under Pagolo, and in the other case they would have to cross the Arno to get to close quarters with the enemy,
65an undertaking of great hazard. In order to tempt the Florentines to take this latter course, Castruccio withdrew his
66men from the banks of the river and placed them under the walls of Fucecchio, leaving a wide expanse of land between
67them and the river.
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