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1The scenery of Walden is on a humble scale, and, though very beautiful, does not approach to grandeur, nor can it much
2concern one who has not long frequented it or lived by its shore; yet this pond is so remarkable for its depth and
3purity as to merit a particular description. It is a clear and deep green well, half a mile long and a mile and three
4quarters in circumference, and contains about sixty-one and a half acres; a perennial spring in the midst of pine and
5oak woods, without any visible inlet or outlet except by the clouds and evaporation. The surrounding hills rise abruptly
6from the water to the height of forty to eighty feet, though on the south-east and east they attain to about one hundred
7and one hundred and fifty feet respectively, within a quarter and a third of a mile. They are exclusively woodland. All
8our Concord waters have two colors at least; one when viewed at a distance, and another, more proper, close at hand. The
9first depends more on the light, and follows the sky. In clear weather, in summer, they appear blue at a little
10distance, especially if agitated, and at a great distance all appear alike. In stormy weather they are sometimes of a
11dark slate color. The sea, however, is said to be blue one day and green another without any perceptible change in the
12atmosphere. I have seen our river, when, the landscape being covered with snow, both water and ice were almost as green
13as grass. Some consider blue "to be the color of pure water, whether liquid or solid." But, looking directly down into
14our waters from a boat, they are seen to be of very different colors. Walden is blue at one time and green at another,
15even from the same point of view. Lying between the earth and the heavens, it partakes of the color of both. Viewed from
16a hill-top it reflects the color of the sky; but near at hand it is of a yellowish tint next the shore where you can see
17the sand, then a light green, which gradually deepens to a uniform dark green in the body of the pond. In some lights,
18viewed even from a hill-top, it is of a vivid green next the shore. Some have referred this to the reflection of the
19verdure; but it is equally green there against the railroad sand-bank, and in the spring, before the leaves are
20expanded, and it may be simply the result of the prevailing blue mixed with the yellow of the sand. Such is the color of
21its iris. This is that portion, also, where in the spring, the ice being warmed by the heat of the sun reflected from
22the bottom, and also transmitted through the earth, melts first and forms a narrow canal about the still frozen middle.
23Like the rest of our waters, when much agitated, in clear weather, so that the surface of the waves may reflect the sky
24at the right angle, or because there is more light mixed with it, it appears at a little distance of a darker blue than
25the sky itself; and at such a time, being on its surface, and looking with divided vision, so as to see the reflection,
26I have discerned a matchless and indescribable light blue, such as watered or changeable silks and sword blades suggest,
27more cerulean than the sky itself, alternating with the original dark green on the opposite sides of the waves, which
28last appeared but muddy in comparison. It is a vitreous greenish blue, as I remember it, like those patches of the
29winter sky seen through cloud vistas in the west before sundown. Yet a single glass of its water held up to the light is
30as colorless as an equal quantity of air. It is well known that a large plate of glass will have a green tint, owing, as
31the makers say, to its "body," but a small piece of the same will be colorless. How large a body of Walden water would
32be required to reflect a green tint I have never proved. The water of our river is black or a very dark brown to one
33looking directly down on it, and, like that of most ponds, imparts to the body of one bathing in it a yellowish tinge;
34but this water is of such crystalline purity that the body of the bather appears of an alabaster whiteness, still more
35unnatural, which, as the limbs are magnified and distorted withal, produces a monstrous effect, making fit studies for a
36Michael Angelo. The water is so transparent that the bottom can easily be discerned at the depth of twenty-five or
37thirty feet. Paddling over it, you may see, many feet beneath the surface the schools of perch and shiners, perhaps only
38an inch long, yet the former easily distinguished by their transverse bars, and you think that they must be ascetic fish
39that find a subsistence there. Once, in the winter, many years ago, when I had been cutting holes through the ice in
40order to catch pickerel, as I stepped ashore I tossed my axe back on to the ice, but, as if some evil genius had
41directed it, it slid four or five rods directly into one of the holes, where the water was twenty-five feet deep. Out of
42curiosity, I lay down on the ice and looked through the hole, until I saw the axe a little on one side, standing on its
43head, with its helve erect and gently swaying to and fro with the pulse of the pond; and there it might have stood erect
44and swaying till in the course of time the handle rotted off, if I had not disturbed it. Making another hole directly
45over it with an ice chisel which I had, and cutting down the longest birch which I could find in the neighborhood with
46my knife, I made a slip-noose, which I attached to its end, and, letting it down carefully, passed it over the knob of
47the handle, and drew it by a line along the birch, and so pulled the axe out again. The shore is composed of a belt of
48smooth rounded white stones like paving stones, excepting one or two short sand beaches, and is so steep that in many
49places a single leap will carry you into water over your head; and were it not for its remarkable transparency, that
50would be the last to be seen of its bottom till it rose on the opposite side. Some think it is bottomless. It is nowhere
51muddy, and a casual observer would say that there were no weeds at all in it; and of noticeable plants, except in the
52little meadows recently overflowed, which do not properly belong to it, a closer scrutiny does not detect a flag nor a
53bulrush, nor even a lily, yellow or white, but only a few small heart-leaves and potamogetons, and perhaps a
54water-target or two; all which however a bather might not perceive; and these plants are clean and bright like the
55element they grow in. The stones extend a rod or two into the water, and then the bottom is pure sand, except in the
56deepest parts, where there is usually a little sediment, probably from the decay of the leaves which have been wafted on
57to it so many successive falls, and a bright green weed is brought up on anchors even in midwinter. We have one other
58pond just like this, White Pond, in Nine Acre Corner, about two and a half miles westerly; but, though I am acquainted
59with most of the ponds within a dozen miles of this centre I do not know a third of this pure and well-like character.
60Successive nations perchance have drank at, admired, and fathomed it, and passed away, and still its water is green and
61pellucid as ever. Not an intermitting spring! Perhaps on that spring morning when Adam and Eve were driven out of Eden
62Walden Pond was already in existence, and even then breaking up in a gentle spring rain accompanied with mist and a
63southerly wind, and covered with myriads of ducks and geese, which had not heard of the fall, when still such pure lakes
64sufficed them. Even then it had commenced to rise and fall, and had clarified its waters and colored them of the hue
65they now wear, and obtained a patent of heaven to be the only Walden Pond in the world and distiller of celestial dews.
66Who knows in how many unremembered nations' literatures this has been the Castalian Fountain? or what nymphs presided
67over it in the Golden Age? It is a gem of the first water which Concord wears in her coronet.
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