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1What I have observed of the pond is no less true in ethics. It is the law of average. Such a rule of the two diameters
2not only guides us toward the sun in the system and the heart in man, but draw lines through the length and breadth of
3the aggregate of a man's particular daily behaviors and waves of life into his coves and inlets, and where they
4intersect will be the height or depth of his character. Perhaps we need only to know how his shores trend and his
5adjacent country or circumstances, to infer his depth and concealed bottom. If he is surrounded by mountainous
6circumstances, an Achillean shore, whose peaks overshadow and are reflected in his bosom, they suggest a corresponding
7depth in him. But a low and smooth shore proves him shallow on that side. In our bodies, a bold projecting brow falls
8off to and indicates a corresponding depth of thought. Also there is a bar across the entrance of our every cove, or
9particular inclination; each is our harbor for a season, in which we are detained and partially land-locked. These
10inclinations are not whimsical usually, but their form, size, and direction are determined by the promontories of the
11shore, the ancient axes of elevation. When this bar is gradually increased by storms, tides, or currents, or there is a
12subsidence of the waters, so that it reaches to the surface, that which was at first but an inclination in the shore in
13which a thought was harbored becomes an individual lake, cut off from the ocean, wherein the thought secures its own
14conditions, changes, perhaps, from salt to fresh, becomes a sweet sea, dead sea, or a marsh. At the advent of each
15individual into this life, may we not suppose that such a bar has risen to the surface somewhere? It is true, we are
16such poor navigators that our thoughts, for the most part, stand off and on upon a harborless coast, are conversant only
17with the bights of the bays of poesy, or steer for the public ports of entry, and go into the dry docks of science,
18where they merely refit for this world, and no natural currents concur to individualize them. As for the inlet or outlet
19of Walden, I have not discovered any but rain and snow and evaporation, though perhaps, with a thermometer and a line,
20such places may be found, for where the water flows into the pond it will probably be coldest in summer and warmest in
21winter. When the ice-men were at work here in '46-7, the cakes sent to the shore were one day rejected by those who were
22stacking them up there, not being thick enough to lie side by side with the rest; and the cutters thus discovered that
23the ice over a small space was two or three inches thinner than elsewhere, which made them think that there was an inlet
24there. They also showed me in another place what they thought was a "leach hole," through which the pond leaked out
25under a hill into a neighboring meadow, pushing me out on a cake of ice to see it. It was a small cavity under ten feet
26of water; but I think that I can warrant the pond not to need soldering till they find a worse leak than that. One has
27suggested, that if such a "leach hole" should be found, its connection with the meadow, if any existed, might be proved
28by conveying some colored powder or sawdust to the mouth of the hole, and then putting a strainer over the spring in the
29meadow, which would catch some of the particles carried through by the current. While I was surveying, the ice, which
30was sixteen inches thick, undulated under a slight wind like water. It is well known that a level cannot be used on ice.
31At one rod from the shore its greatest fluctuation, when observed by means of a level on land directed toward a
32graduated staff on the ice, was three quarters of an inch, though the ice appeared firmly attached to the shore. It was
33probably greater in the middle. Who knows but if our instruments were delicate enough we might detect an undulation in
34the crust of the earth? When two legs of my level were on the shore and the third on the ice, and the sights were
35directed over the latter, a rise or fall of the ice of an almost infinitesimal amount made a difference of several feet
36on a tree across the pond. When I began to cut holes for sounding, there were three or four inches of water on the ice
37under a deep snow which had sunk it thus far; but the water began immediately to run into these holes, and continued to
38run for two days in deep streams, which wore away the ice on every side, and contributed essentially, if not mainly, to
39dry the surface of the pond; for, as the water ran in, it raised and floated the ice. This was somewhat like cutting a
40hole in the bottom of a ship to let the water out. When such holes freeze, and a rain succeeds, and finally a new
41freezing forms a fresh smooth ice over all, it is beautifully mottled internally by dark figures, shaped somewhat like a
42spider's web, what you may call ice rosettes, produced by the channels worn by the water flowing from all sides to a
43centre. Sometimes, also, when the ice was covered with shallow puddles, I saw a double shadow of myself, one standing on
44the head of the other, one on the ice, the other on the trees or hill-side. While yet it is cold January, and snow and
45ice are thick and solid, the prudent landlord comes from the village to get ice to cool his summer drink; impressively,
46even pathetically wise, to foresee the heat and thirst of July now in January,--wearing a thick coat and mittens! when
47so many things are not provided for. It may be that he lays up no treasures in this world which will cool his summer
48drink in the next. He cuts and saws the solid pond, unroofs the house of fishes, and carts off their very element and
49air, held fast by chains and stakes like corded wood, through the favoring winter air, to wintry cellars, to underlie
50the summer there. It looks like solidified azure, as, far off, it is drawn through the streets. These ice-cutters are a
51merry race, full of jest and sport, and when I went among them they were wont to invite me to saw pit-fashion with them,
52I standing underneath.
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